Comment se forment les \u00e9clairs et quels dangers repr\u00e9sentent-ils?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nLorsque surviennent de brusques changements de temp\u00e9rature, les nuages se remplissent d\u2019eau et se chargent d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique. Lorsqu\u2019un nuage est trop charg\u00e9 en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique, il doit s\u2019en d\u00e9barrasser et c\u2019est \u00e0 ce moment qu\u2019il produit une d\u00e9charge (l\u2019\u00e9clair), qui peut repr\u00e9senter un r\u00e9el danger pour l\u2019homme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La foudre peut provoquer des incendies ou des courts circuits . Un \u00e9clair qui frappe une maison et qui touche \u00e0 une ligne de courant peut griller tous les appareils \u00e9lectriques branch\u00e9s. La chaleur d\u00e9gag\u00e9e par l’\u00e9clair peut \u00e9galement d\u00e9clencher un incendie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La foudre, lorsqu\u2019elle touche un \u00eatre humain, peut entra\u00eener un arr\u00eat cardiaque, une perte de connaissance et des d\u00e9ficits neurologiques ainsi que des br\u00fblures graves et les l\u00e9sions internes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La foudre a tendance \u00e0 frapper les r\u00e9gions de haute altitude et les objets tr\u00e8s grands ou isol\u00e9s. Il faut donc s\u2019\u00e9loigner des arbres isol\u00e9s et des sommets pendant un orage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En 1752, Benjamin Franklin a invent\u00e9 le paratonnerre. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un dispositif compos\u00e9 d\u2019une tige m\u00e9tallique plac\u00e9e en hauteur et reli\u00e9e \u00e0 la terre par plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments m\u00e9talliques conducteurs. Ainsi, le courant \u00e9lectrique est conduit vers le sol sans causer d\u2019incendies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le saviez-vous ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nL’\u00e9clair n’a pas toujours la m\u00eame couleur, il peut \u00eatre blanc ou avoir une couleur bluet\u00e9e. Sa teinte d\u00e9pend de la densit\u00e9 de courant, de la distance qui s\u00e9pare l’observateur de l’orage et des particules pr\u00e9sentes dans l’air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La longueur d\u2019un \u00e9clair peut atteindre de 50 m\u00e8tres \u00e0 25 kilom\u00e8tres et l\u2019\u00e9paisseur est d\u2019environ 3 cm.La temp\u00e9rature \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019un \u00e9clair peut atteindre 30 000 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On estime \u00e0 32 millions le nombre d\u2019\u00e9clairs qui frappent le sol chaque ann\u00e9e dans le monde, soit plus d\u2019un \u00e9clair chaque seconde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O.H.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
On appelle \u00e9clair, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne lumineux naturel accompagn\u00e9 de coups de tonnerre, qui se produit au cours des orages. Comment se forment les \u00e9clairs et quels dangers repr\u00e9sentent-ils? Lorsque surviennent de brusques changements de temp\u00e9rature, les nuages se remplissent d\u2019eau et se chargent d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique. Lorsqu\u2019un nuage est trop charg\u00e9 en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique, il doit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1574","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-le-monde-qui-nous-entoure"},"yoast_head":"\n
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